List of Horizontals (Technology Side)

1. Security

   • Focus: Cybersecurity, identity & access management, compliance, threat detection/prevention.
   • Responsibilities:
     • Define security standards and best practices for all systems.
     • Provide tools and governance to ensure data protection and regulatory compliance.

2. Collaboration

   • Focus: Team communication tools/platforms, productivity suites, messaging platforms, project/task management.
   • Responsibilities:
     • Enable seamless communication across verticals.
     • Integrate collaboration tools with business workflows for real-time information sharing.
     • Email, chat, conference, workflow

3. Document / Content Management

   • Focus: Content management, record keeping, document workflows, knowledge repositories, workflow automation, e-signatures.
   • Responsibilities:
     • Implement enterprise-wide document management systems.
     • Streamline document-centric workflows (e.g., approvals, sign-offs).
     • Ensure compliance with legal and regulatory retention requirements.

4. Enterprise Applications

   • Focus: ERP, CRM, PLM, specialized line-of-business applications.
   • Responsibilities:
     • Build, configure, and maintain core enterprise software platforms.
     • Ensure integration between different applications for holistic process coverage.
     • Mainly support for these platforms.

5. Data & Analytics

   • Focus: Data lake/warehousing, data governance, reporting, analytics, business intelligence (BI), AI/ML capabilities.
   • Responsibilities:
     • Develop data strategy and architecture.
     • Provide tools and frameworks for reporting, dashboards, and predictive analytics.
     • Ensure data quality, security, and compliance.

6. Integration & Middleware

   • Focus: APIs, ESB, microservices architectures.

7. Infrastructure / Cloud

   • Focus: hosting, virtualization, networking, end-user computing.

8. DevOps / Software Engineering Tools

   • Focus: If software development is a cross-cutting capability rather than a vertical

3.3.1 List of Subject Areas (Functional Domains)

1. EHS&S (Environment, Health, Safety & Sustainability)

   • A broad domain with multiple sub-processes (compliance reporting, audits, incident management).

2. Enterprise Security Risk Management

   • Could be its own subject area overseeing strategy, governance, frameworks for risk, or integrated as part of a wider “Security” horizontal.

3. Extended PLM (Product Lifecycle Management)

   • Often a broad domain that might overlap with R&D, quality, engineering changes, supply chain, etc.

4. IP Management

   • Domain focused on patents, trademarks, and other intellectual property assets.

5. IT Management

   • Broad domain covering infrastructure, support, change management, vendor management, etc.

6. Quality Systems

   • Could be a domain (quality governance, audits, procedures) that supports many processes, especially in regulated industries.

7. Regulatory Compliance

   • Cross-cutting domain that impacts procurement, manufacturing, logistics, product development, etc.

8. Software Development

   • Depending on your business model, if software is a core product or a critical internal development process, you might treat it as an end-to-end process (concept → dev → QA → deployment → maintenance).
   • Alternatively, some companies treat Software Development as a horizontal technology domain if it's a broad capability supporting multiple business processes.